Which type of cancer is familial adenomatous polyposis primarily associated with?

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is primarily associated with colorectal cancer. This genetic condition is characterized by the development of numerous polyps in the colon and rectum, which have a high likelihood of progressing to cancer if left untreated. Individuals with FAP typically start developing these polyps in their teenage years, and without prophylactic surgery or appropriate management, nearly all of them will develop colorectal cancer by the age of 40.

The mechanism involves mutations in the APC gene, which is involved in regulating cell growth. This dysfunction results in the uncontrolled growth of intestinal cells, leading to the formation of the characteristic polyps. Over time, the polyps can become cancerous, which is why screening and preventive measures are crucial for individuals diagnosed with FAP.

Although FAP has associations with other types of cancers, such as duodenal and thyroid cancers, its most significant association remains with colorectal cancer, emphasizing the importance of regular surveillance and early intervention in affected individuals.