Which two congenital conditions are suspected when infant cataracts are present?

Infant cataracts can be associated with several congenital conditions, and the presence of these lens opacities may serve as a marker for underlying systemic issues. Rubella, a viral infection that can be transmitted from mother to fetus, is well-known for causing congenital cataracts, especially when the infection occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy. Rubella can lead to a triad of symptoms: cataracts, cardiac defects, and hearing loss in the infant.

Galactosemia is another condition that can lead to cataract formation. This metabolic disorder affects the body's ability to process galactose, a sugar found in milk. When infants with galactosemia ingest lactose, which is broken down into galactose, the accumulation of this substance can result in the development of cataracts among other complications.

The combination of Rubella and Galactosemia effectively explains the association with congenital cataracts since they are both recognized causes of this condition in infants. This specific linkage highlights the importance of screening for these congenital conditions when cataracts are identified, as early diagnosis and intervention can significantly influence the health outcomes for affected infants.