Which term describes the condition of fluid accumulation due to sodium retention?

Prepare for the NBEO Systemic Disease Exam. Use flashcards and multiple-choice questions to test your knowledge. Each question includes hints and explanations. Enhance your understanding and readiness for the exam.

The term that best describes the condition of fluid accumulation due to sodium retention is edema. Edema refers specifically to the excessive accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces and within various tissues throughout the body. This condition often occurs when the body retains sodium, leading to increased water retention as a weight-compensating mechanism. In cases of fluid overload, whether due to dietary sodium intake, heart failure, or other underlying conditions, edema can manifest in different areas, including the limbs, abdomen, or around the eyes.

In contrast, while puffiness can be a descriptive term for localized edema—commonly seen in the face or extremities—it is not a precise medical term and does not encompass the full clinical implications of fluid accumulation. Congestion typically refers to an excess of blood in a given area, often due to impaired venous return, rather than the accumulation of fluid due to sodium retention. Formication describes a sensation of insects crawling on or under the skin and is unrelated to fluid accumulation. Thus, edema is the most appropriate and clinically relevant term in this context.

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