Which of the following may be a complication of untreated meningitis?

Untreated meningitis can lead to several serious complications, making it critical to address the condition promptly to prevent long-term damage.

Cerebral edema occurs due to inflammation of the brain and surrounding tissues, which can often be a response to infection. As the body's immune system reacts to the infection, the increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier can lead to swelling, which complicates the clinical picture and can significantly affect neurological function.

Seizures can arise as a direct consequence of the inflammatory processes associated with meningitis or resulting from increased intracranial pressure and irritation of the cerebral cortex. Both the acute phase of the illness and any subsequent complications may predispose the patient to seizure activity.

Hydrocephalus, characterized by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain, can develop if the normal flow and absorption mechanisms of CSF are disrupted due to inflammation or blockage caused by the infection. This condition can lead to further complications if not managed effectively.

Thus, because each of these complications is a potential outcome of untreated meningitis, the comprehensive nature of the consequences underscores the critical importance of timely diagnosis and intervention in managing meningitis effectively.