Which of the following is NOT known to cause papilledema?

Papilledema, which refers to swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure, can be caused by a variety of conditions. Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder that primarily affects neuronal function and does not typically result in increased intracranial pressure or papilledema. The disease is known for causing neurological degeneration rather than structural changes in the optic nerve that would lead to papilledema.

On the other hand, conditions such as meningitis and severe hypertension can both lead to significant increases in intracranial pressure, often resulting in papilledema. Meningitis, an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, can cause swelling and increased pressure. Severe hypertension is also known to cause changes in cerebral blood flow and can lead to an increase in intracranial pressure, resulting in papilledema. Guillain-Barré syndrome, while primarily a peripheral nervous system disorder, can in some cases be associated with increased intracranial pressure leading to papilledema, especially if there are complications like respiratory failure or autonomic dysfunction.

Thus, the reason Tay-Sachs disease is identified as not causing papilledema is due to its distinct pathogenic mechanism that does not involve increased intracranial pressure, unlike the other