Which ocular condition is primarily associated with elevated cholesterol levels?

Xanthelasma is a specific ocular condition characterized by yellowish deposits of cholesterol that appear on the eyelids. These lesions are often soft and can vary in size and shape. They are most commonly found in the inner canthus of the eyelids and are associated with elevated cholesterol levels and lipid disorders. The presence of xanthelasma can be an important clinical indicator, prompting further evaluation of a patient’s lipid profile and overall metabolic health.

In contrast, other conditions listed do not have a direct association with elevated cholesterol. A chalazion is a localized swelling of the eyelid due to a blocked meibomian gland and does not relate to cholesterol levels. Pterygium is a growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, usually associated with UV exposure rather than systemic lipid levels. A pinguecula is also a growth on the conjunctiva, occurring typically due to environmental factors like sun exposure and aging, and is not linked to cholesterol levels. Thus, xanthelasma stands out as the ocular condition with a strong correlation to elevated cholesterol.