Which nerve branch does Herpes Zoster primarily affect?

Herpes Zoster, also known as shingles, primarily affects sensory nerve ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. The ophthalmic branch, which is a division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V), is particularly susceptible to Herpes Zoster infection. This branch innervates the forehead, upper eyelid, and parts of the nose, and when it becomes affected, it can lead to complications such as herpes zoster ophthalmicus. This condition can manifest as painful rash and potential eye involvement, which is a critical consideration for healthcare providers.

The other branches of the trigeminal nerve, such as the maxillary and mandibular branches, can also be involved in Herpes Zoster infections, but the ophthalmic branch has a higher likelihood of leading to serious ocular complications. In light of this understanding, the involvement of the ophthalmic branch underscores the importance of monitoring and managing patients to prevent complications that may arise from Herpes Zoster infection.