Which laboratory values would both increased TSH and decreased Free T4 and T3 indicate?

An increase in Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) along with decreased levels of Free T4 and T3 indicates a state of hypothyroidism. In this condition, the thyroid gland is unable to produce sufficient amounts of thyroid hormones, which are crucial for regulating metabolism and various bodily functions.

As a response to low thyroid hormone levels, the pituitary gland produces more TSH in an attempt to stimulate the thyroid to increase hormone production. The elevated TSH signifies the body's effort to compensate for the deficiency in thyroid hormones, namely Free T4 and T3. Consequently, this pattern is diagnostic for primary hypothyroidism, where the issue lies with the thyroid gland itself rather than other regulatory mechanisms in the body.

Other conditions, such as hyperthyroidism, would typically present with decreased TSH and increased levels of Free T4 and T3 due to excessive thyroid hormone production. Diabetes mellitus is unrelated to thyroid function in this context and shows different laboratory findings. Adrenal insufficiency also has its own specific laboratory markers and is not characterized by these thyroid-related values.