What physiological change is commonly seen in Cushing's syndrome?

In Cushing's syndrome, one of the hallmark physiological changes is weight gain, which occurs due to an excess of cortisol in the body. This overweight condition is particularly characterized by fat deposition in specific areas, such as the abdomen, face (leading to a "moon face"), and the back of the neck (often referred to as "buffalo hump"). The mechanism behind this weight gain involves cortisol promoting gluconeogenesis, enhancing appetite, and altering fat metabolism, all of which contribute to an increase in body weight.

Understanding the physiological basis of Cushing's syndrome helps to clarify why other options are less appropriate. For instance, weight loss contradicts the expected outcomes of this disorder, as individuals typically do not experience this symptom due to the metabolic effects of excess cortisol. Similarly, increased skin elasticity is not associated with Cushing's syndrome; patients often present with skin atrophy or bruising due to the effects of cortisol on collagen synthesis. Increased energy levels also do not align with Cushing's syndrome, as patients frequently report fatigue and decreased physical endurance as a result of metabolic dysregulation.