What is the term for the condition where gastric juice moves into the esophagus leading to heartburn?

The condition where gastric juice moves into the esophagus leading to symptoms such as heartburn is known as Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, commonly abbreviated as GERD. This occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close properly after food enters the stomach, allowing stomach acids to flow back into the esophagus. The result of this reflux can cause irritation and inflammation of the esophageal lining, leading to discomfort and the characteristic burning sensation associated with heartburn.

GERD can manifest with other symptoms as well, such as regurgitation of food or sour liquid, difficult swallowing, and chronic cough, but the heartburn is the most prominent complaint. It is also important to note that this condition can lead to more serious complications if not managed properly, such as Barrett's esophagus or esophageal cancer.

Other conditions listed do not represent the same issue. Esophageal stricture refers to a narrowing of the esophagus, gastritis involves inflammation of the stomach lining, and achalasia is a disorder affecting the muscles of the esophagus that impairs swallowing. While all these conditions affect the gastrointestinal system, GERD specifically describes the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus and its associated symptoms.