What is the most common cause of permanent vision loss in older adults?

Macular degeneration, specifically age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is recognized as the leading cause of permanent vision loss in older adults. AMD primarily affects the central part of the retina, which is responsible for sharp, straight-ahead vision necessary for tasks like reading and recognizing faces. As this condition progresses, individuals may experience blurred or distorted vision and, eventually, a loss of central vision.

The prevalence of macular degeneration increases with age, making it a significant concern for the aging population. While other ocular conditions like cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy can also lead to vision impairment, they do not reach the same prevalence and impact on central vision associated with AMD. Although cataracts can lead to blurred vision, they are particularly treatable through surgical intervention. Glaucoma causes peripheral vision loss and, if untreated, can lead to blindness; however, it is not as common an issue for permanent loss in the central vision context. Diabetic retinopathy can also result in severe vision problems, particularly in patients with poorly controlled diabetes, but macular degeneration remains the predominant cause of irreversible central vision loss among older adults.