What is the main mechanism behind unilateral glaucoma associated with Sturge Weber syndrome?

The main mechanism behind unilateral glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome is indeed related to increased episcleral venous pressure. This condition is characterized by a vascular malformation, specifically an abnormal collection of blood vessels, which can lead to elevated pressure within the venous system surrounding the eye.

In Sturge-Weber syndrome, the presence of a facial capillary malformation connected to the meningeal vessels can result in increased pressure that affects the episcleral venous system, subsequently hindering the normal outflow of aqueous humor from the eye. This increased venous pressure can lead to secondary glaucoma, which often presents unilaterally in affected individuals.

The other mechanisms listed, such as increased fluid production or obstruction of aqueous humor outflow, are typically not the primary factors in the context of Sturge-Weber syndrome. Increased fluid production is more commonly associated with primary glaucoma conditions. Obstruction of aqueous humor outflow is often seen in various types of glaucoma, but in this particular syndrome, it is the increase in venous pressure that plays a more significant role. Retinal detachment is a separate ocular condition that can be related to other factors but does not serve as the main mechanism of glaucoma in this syndrome.

Thus,