What is the chronic adrenocortical deficiency resulting from autoimmune atrophy of the adrenal glands called?

Prepare for the NBEO Systemic Disease Exam. Use flashcards and multiple-choice questions to test your knowledge. Each question includes hints and explanations. Enhance your understanding and readiness for the exam.

Chronic adrenocortical deficiency due to autoimmune atrophy of the adrenal glands is known as Addison's Disease. This condition is characterized by insufficient production of adrenal hormones, particularly cortisol and aldosterone, which can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and hyperpigmentation of the skin. The autoimmune nature of Addison's Disease means the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the adrenal glands, resulting in their dysfunction.

Cushing's Syndrome, on the other hand, is caused by an excess of cortisol, typically due to tumors or other conditions that lead to overproduction. Pheochromocytoma refers to a tumor of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines, leading to episodes of hypertension and other symptoms related to overproduction of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Hyperaldosteronism is characterized by excess production of aldosterone, which can result in high blood pressure and electrolyte imbalances, but it is not related to the autoimmune atrophy of the adrenal glands.

In summary, Addison's Disease is specifically defined by the chronic adrenal insufficiency resulting from autoimmune destruction, distinguishing it from other adrenal gland disorders that either involve overproduction of hormones or arise from neoplastic processes.

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