Obstructive Sleep Apnea has a higher risk of which cardiovascular condition?

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is associated with various cardiovascular complications, but hypertension is particularly notable due to the pathophysiological mechanisms involved. Individuals with OSA experience repeated episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, leading to intermittent hypoxia (low oxygen levels) and a deprivation of restorative sleep. This intermittent hypoxia triggers a cascade of physiological responses, including increased sympathetic nervous system activity and inflammation, both of which can lead to elevated blood pressure.

The repeated arousals from sleep due to OSA increase the overall sympathetic tone and can cause vascular changes that contribute to the development of systemic hypertension. Additionally, the chronic low oxygen levels can stimulate the production of erythropoietin, increasing red blood cell mass and subsequently raising the hematocrit, which can further elevate blood pressure.

Research has consistently shown a strong relationship between OSA and the development of hypertension, making it a significant risk factor. In fact, patients with untreated OSA often have resistant hypertension that may not respond well to conventional treatment. Understanding this connection is crucial for timely identification and management of individuals with OSA to help mitigate the risks of developing hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases.